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Thus, while upstream stem cells do have the ability to differentiate into diverse cell types, in ALS, stem cells therapies are now intended to secrete neurotrophic factors, differentiate into astrocytes and microglia, or synapse with diseased motor neurons (Table 6) [271]

Immunoblotting and immunofluorescence staining Gel electrophoresis: unless otherwise noted, SDS-PAGE was run with self-made 12% Tris-glycine SDS-polyacrylamide gel in Tris-glycine SDS running buffer (25 mM Tris, 0.2 M glycine, 0.1% SDS) at 90 V for 15 min stacking and followed by 120 V until sufficient separation was visualised by PageRuler pre-stained protein ladder

Yang J, Luo J, Tian X, Zhao Y, Li Y, Wu X (2024) Progress in understanding oxidative stress, aging, and aging-related diseases

Apart from individual effects, when applied in combination with other compounds or natural products, black cumin or TQ potentiates their biological activity, as well as synergizes the effects, reducing the dose size of the concurrently used drugs and minimizing the likely toxicity

Combining ferroptosis activators with traditional chemotherapeutic drugs (e.g., temozolomide, oxaliplatin, cisplatin, gemcitabine, and 5-fluorouracil) or targeted drugs (e.g., olaparib, cetuximab, and sunitinib) may help overcome drug resistance or enhance their effects