does glutathione reduce oxidative stress Mitochondrial in Cellular Redox Homeostasis and Disease Manifestation The Roles of Glutathione and

Despite decades of research, DSIP remains somewhat enigmatic it has been studied for diverse effects including sleep regulation, stress adaptation, pain modulation, neuroendocrine function, and even potential antitumor properties, yet its precise mechanisms, endogenous functions, and therapeutic potential continue to be subjects of scientific debate and investigation

It is studied exclusively in laboratory and animal-based research models

175 reported that MAPKs become activated upon exposure to As (III), indicating their potential involvement in arsenic-induced signaling pathways

Both are biologically plausible, and both have limited supportive human evidence