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The gut-immune-brain axis in neurodevelopment and neurological disorders Microbiome Res Rep 2022;1:23

You can also increase levels of NAD through lifestyle factors like getting regular exercise and restful sleep, as well as eating a healthy diet with foods containing niacin (vitamin B) found in meat, fish, dairy products, and certain vegetables, such as cabbage and cucumbers

Radical is an intermediate species with high chemical activity produced during cellular metabolism, can attack protein, DNA and lipid macromolecule in cell membrane, and damage the physiological function of these macromolecules, making the cell membranes lose their function and shorten the life of cells

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Naito H, Wakabayashi T, Ishida M, Gil CH, Iba T, Rahmawati FN, et al