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90% were male

A seminal cost analysis published in Canadian Family Physician (2001) projected that switching patients from intramuscular B12 injections to oral supplements could save between $2.9 million and $17.6 million depending on the population studied with one Ontario analysis estimating $14.5 million in savings for 110,000 elderly patients

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The timeline varies by injury severity, with acute injuries responding faster than chronic conditions that have been present for months or years

However, if the LES is weak or becomes too relaxed, acid can escape