mw oxidized glutathione oxidation and reduction reaction in relation to Frontiers | Research progress of

After years of studies in preclinical models including GDNF-transgene infusion as well as direct GDNF protein infusion intraparenchymally or intraventricularly (Gash et al

and Dong J

Recent studies suggest that other subcellular compartments such as stress granule and peroxisome also play important roles in mTORC1 signaling regulation in response to oxidative stress (39, 40), although the interplay of those subcellular compartments with lysosome in mTORC1 activation is not fully elucidated

10.1007/s12028-019-00849-7 170 ZhuD.HouJ.QianM.JinD.HaoT.PanY.et al (2021)

Thus, while each platform has demonstrated proof-of-concept efficacy, the choice of design must balance responsiveness, stability, and biosafety to ensure clinical applicability