high energy electron carriers ubiquinone cytochromes and glutathione Oxidative Phosphorylation Related Mitochondrial Functions Mitochondrial Glutathione in Cellular Redox

10.1093/jxb/erl183 J

CRSJ granule can also decrease the expression of -syn and the level of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) related proteins, such as glucose regulatory protein 78 (GRP78), inositol-requiring enzyme one (p-IRE1), apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK) and caspase-12

A major constraint is the predominant use of reduced preparations (e.g., in vitro models, acute slices), which fail to capture the integrated milieu of the intact brain

Understanding the specific interactions between individual flavonoids and various disease processes will pave the way for personalized therapeutic strategies targeting ER stress and other key hallmarks of neurodegeneration

Mol Neuropharmacol 2:1531 Coyle JT, Puttfarcken P (1993) Oxidative stress, glutamate, and neurodegenerative disorders