non-selenium glutathione peroxidase 4: a new player in neurodegeneration? General reaction mechanisms for antioxidant

Abbreviations: SQOR, Sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase (gene symbol SQRDL)

The chromogenic substrate 3,3,5,5-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) was employed in the colorimetric assay

Mutant HTT directly attacks the mitochondrial membrane and alters calcium homeostasis (Suzuki et al., 2012), and induces mitochondrial dysfunction by damaging mitochondrial DNA (Yang et al., 2008) mitochondrial fission/fusion mechanisms, and mitochondrial energy metabolism (Song et al., 2011)

However, murine studies showed no acute toxicity at doses up to 100 mg/kg over 11 weeks, and limited human pilot data through 2026 reported no serious adverse events

This cyclic structure makes the molecule more compact and more resistant to breakdown by enzymes