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Because it affects such a large percentage of the population, Parkinsons disease is a tremendously diverse ailment, for which there is now no reliable diagnostic test [5]

Therefore, caution should be warranted in attempting to extrapolate their effects in human studies, and better design and more rigorous research are required before they can be determined as a therapeutic option

Furthermore, Ewell [118] demonstrated that endogenous ADAP1 localizes with markers of regulated secretory granules such as chromogranin B, furin, and AP-3 in primary culture hippocampal neurons

Thus, the evaluation of the link between pesticides and neurodegeneration was focused on PD, pointing out that occupational exposure to organophosphorus pesticides increases PD risk by induction of intraneuronal oxidative stress and damage, ROS-dependent oxidation of lipids and proteins mitochondrial dysfunction, ATP deficits, impaired unfolded protein response, neuroinflammation, and metabolic disruption ( Carbamate pesticides, such as aldicarb, carbofuran, and ziram, are another class of chemical pesticides used on crops, that cause reversible carbamylation of AChE allowing accumulation of acetylcholine, and were related with neuronal damages, oxidative stress, increases the risk for dementia and Parkinson-like neuropathy (Trk Br et al., 2018)

2008;294(3):L478-L488