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2/5 Subunits of the UPS Activity Assay The substrates benzyloxycarbonyl-Ala-Arg-Arg-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin (Z-ARR-AMC) and succinyl-Leu-Leu-Val-Tyr-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin (Suc-LLVY-AMC) (both purchased from Merck Millipore, Milan, Italy

Yamatani K, Ai T, Saitoh K, Yang H, Kinjo S, Ikeo S, Ruvolo V, Mak PY, Harada H, Katayama K, Sugimoto Y, Miida T, Konopleva M, Zhang W, Carter BZ, Hayashizaki Y, Andreeff M , Tabe Y

ATP7A is expressed in most tissues, with the liver being an exception, whereas ATP7B is exclusively present in hepatocytes, responsible for pumping Cu + from the cytoplasm into the trans-Golgi network (TGN)

Moreover, oxidative stress might affect mitochondria function/activity [9] and alter energy metabolism

Interestingly, the FP group continues to show a strong association with lipid metabolism, as demonstrated in our previous analyses performed in this study