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10.3390/ijms21144915 7 ChoiY

They are polarized tissues due to the differential expression of ion channels, pumps and transporters in the apical and the basolateral sides: (a) epithelial sodium channels (ENaC), Ca 2+ activated chloride channels and the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) are present in the apical plasma membrane and (b) the Na + -K + -ATPase ion pump and the Na + -K + -2Cl cotransporter in the basolateral side

A consistent finding across this body of work is BPC-157s capacity to accelerate healing timelines and reduce inflammatory markers, effects attributed to its interaction with the NO system (both the constitutive NOS and inducible NOS pathways) and its promotion of angiogenesis through upregulation of VEGF expression

Cell death was further assessed by counting nuclei and Propidium Iodide (PI) staining ( Figures 1D, E )

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