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Cystine/glutamate antiporter solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) is a major transporter regulating cysteine in tumor cells and is induced in response to a variety of stimuli, such as oxidative stress and electrophilic compounds ( xCT transcription, which enhance the GSH levels and protect tumor cells against oxidative stress ( + T cells in the tumor stromal region attenuated platinum resistance through STAT1 phosphorylation and xCT downregulation in fibroblasts ( Figure 2 ) ( Figure 2 GSH peroxidase 4 (GPX4) The tripeptide GSH consists of glutamate, cysteine, and glycine and serves as a cysteine storage and transport form ( via chaperone-mediated autophagy ( via glutathione depletion and ROS accumulation ( Hydrogen sulfide H 2 S is produced in mammalian cells by three enzymes, including cystathionine -synthase (CBS), cystathionine -lyase (CSE), and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtansferase (3MST) in mammalian cells

In addition to levodopa, DA receptor agonistssuch as pramipexole, ropinirole, and rotigotinecan also be utilized in the treatment of PD, particularly for early-stage patients or in conjunction with levodopa to delay the onset of motor complications (Herz et al., 2015)

A randomized trial of bicalutamide (non-steroidal antiandrogen) in 1435 patients revealed its low efficiency in patients with M1 disease and no significant difference in OS with locally advanced M0 disease compared to surgical castration [140]

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