l carnitine causes atherosclerosis Revisiting the Role of in Heart Disease Through the Lens of the Gut Microbiota Metabolite acetyl-L-carnitine participates in Bifidobacterium

If the p K b of the base is 5.0, the p K a of its conjugate acid is p K a = p K w p K b = 14.0 5.0 = 9.0

samples were then deproteinized by adding an equal volume of metaphosphoric acid (5%) on ice for 10 min

Water, Glycerin, Niacinamide, Tranexamic Acid, Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride, Dipropylene Glycol, 1,2-Hexanediol, Macadamia Integrifolia Seed Oil, Phenyl Trimethicone, Hydrogenated Poly(C6-14 Olefin), Dicaprylyl Ether, Vinyl Dimethicone, Cetearyl Alcohol, Propanediol, Cetearyl Olivate, Glyceryl Stearate SE, Sorbitan Olivate, Ammonium Acryloyldimethyltaurate/VP Copolymer, Behenyl Alcohol, Dimethiconol, Cetearyl Glucoside, Laminaria Japonica Extract, Eclipta Prostrata Leaf Extract, Hydrogenated Lecithin, Ceramide NP, Betaine, Ethylhexylglycerin, Xanthan Gum, Eriobotrya Japonica Leaf Extract, Adenosine, Fructooligosaccharides, Coptis Japonica Root Extract, Cholesterol, Butylene Glycol, Beta-Glucan, Mentha Viridis (Spearmint) Extract, Hydrolyzed Hyaluronic Acid, Theobroma Cacao (Cocoa) Seed Extract, Dextrin, Tocopherol, Ascorbic Acid Polypeptide, Glyceryl Stearate, Ceramide AS, Ceramide AP, Ceramide NS, Ceramide EOP

20 , e47865 (2019)

2.2.2.1 Cardiovascular disease (CVD) The role of NLRP3 in CVD is not to be underestimated