pipe tobacco kuwait A man smoking a hookah, Stock Photo VINTAGE BEN NEVIS RUSTICATED CLAY

For more details on survival (S) and likelihood calculations, see Supplementary Methods

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AMA Vice President and respiratory physician, Dr Chris Zappala, added that "being undiagnosed and unmedicated is a new risk for some people who, but for fire and smoke exposure, appear otherwise healthy." "Anyone who develops breathlessness, wheeziness, chest tightness, or a persistent cough should seek medical attention immediately," he said

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Data collection At the second consultation each smoker was given a self-assessment questionnaire [38], validated by the French Society of Tobaccology