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Homocysteine and vascular dysfunction

FIGURE 2 3.1 Mitochondrial metabolism and bioenergetics in gluco- and lipotoxicity Dysregulated mitochondrial bioenergetics, metabolism, and OXPHOS are frequently observed in models of T2D

GSH-degrading enzymes are essential for maintaining GSH homeostasis in cells

In addition, accessory proteins such as COQ4, COQ8A/B, COQ9 and COQ10A/B are believed to facilitate enzyme complex assembly, substrate channeling or stabilization of the biosynthetic complex (commonly referred to as the CoQ synthome) but their precise molecular functions are still under investigation

The decrease in creatinine probably reflects the decreased lean mass, which is the major source of the creatinine precursor, creatine