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In the GI environment, probiotics counteract harmful microorganisms by shortening GI transit time, limiting opportunities for pathogen colonization, and stimulating the production of bioactive metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which lower colonic pH

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Normally, in fact, after antioxidants (such as vitamin C and vitamin E) have done their job by inactivating free radicals, they themselves become unstable radicals

doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.04.024

Autophagy and mitophagy: coordinated clearance of cellular debris Autophagy and mitophagy are closely linked processes that ensure the removal of damaged organelles and protein aggregates