penn state electronic cigarette dependence index Nicotine | Center for Research on Tobacco and Health | College of Medicine Relations among cigarette dependence, e-cigarette

Relations among cigarette dependence, e cigarette dependence, and key dependence criteria among dual users of combustible and e cigarettes. The Roswell eND scale: Brief, valid assessment of nicotine dependence adults seeking to discontinue e cigarette use ScienceDirect Development and initial validation of a new self report measure to assess perceived dependence on tobacco and nicotine products Scientific Reports Frontiers Prevalence, knowledge, attitude, and practice of vaping among university students in the United Arab Emirates: a cross sectional study Electronic Cigarette Use Among Youth: Understanding Unique Risks in a Vulnerable Population PMC

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