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The effects of epithelialmesenchymal transitions in COPD induced by cigarette smoke: an update Respiratory Research Springer Nature Link Smoking Is Associated with Shortened Airway Cilia PLOS One Figure 3 from Long term cigarette smoke exposure in a mouse model of ciliated epithelial cell function. Semantic Scholar Tobacco use imposes a hereditary burden upon offspring. It elevates the risk of birth defects by 68% and the incidence of brain abnormalities, such as anencephaly (a condition characterized by incomplete brain Effects of cigarette smoking on the respiratory epithelium and its role in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis ScienceDirect
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