pentose phosphate pathway and glutathione Acute Activation of Oxidative as First-Line Response to Oxidative Stress in Human Skin Cells: Molecular Cell Pentose Phosphate Pathway in Growth

Descamps-Latscha B, Witko-Sarsat V (2001) Importance of oxidatively modified proteins in chronic renal failure

The UPR is activated by three ER membrane stress-responsive proteins, PRKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), inositol-requiring kinase 1 (IRE1), and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6)

doi: 10.3389/ffunb.2021.733492 228 KumarP.KizhakkedathuJ

This upregulation prevents ferroptosis, highlighting GPER1s role in cell survival mechanisms [53]

However, ferroptosis plays a key role in the pathogenesis of several CCVDs, and studies have shown that ferroptosis is closely related to AS, MI, HF, DCM, hypertension, and IS (Wu et al., 2021a)